Hasta que

The Subjunctivisor!

Does hasta que require the subjunctive?

It depends. When the main clause is a command or in the (potential) future, hasta que requires the subjunctive:

Hasta que Tom vuelva del trabajo, queda conmigo.
Until Tom returns from work, stay with me.

Hasta que Tom vuelva del trabajo, puedes quedar conmigo.
Until Tom returns from work, you can stay with me.

But hasta que takes the indicative when the action in the subordinate clause is either habitual or in the past:

Hasta que Tom vuelve del trabajo, los gatos quedan afuera.
Until Tom returns from work, the cats remain outside.

Hasta que Tom volvió del trabajo, los gatos quedaronn afuera.
Until Tom returned from work, the cats remained outside.

The Subjunctivisor!  |  Subjunctive lesson

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