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La voz
Voice, one of the five inflections involved in conjugating Spanish verbs, indicates the relationship between the subject and verb. There are four voices in Spanish:
Voz activa | Active voice
The subject performs the action of the verb. This is the most common, "normal" voice.
| Lavo la ropa. | I wash the clothes. | |
| Rompió la taza. | He broke the cup. | Es profesor de español | He’s a Spanish teacher. |
Voz pasiva | Passive voice
The action of the verb is performed on the subject by an agent (less common in Spanish).
| La ropa es lavada. | The clothes are washed. | |
| La taza fue rota por el perro. | The cup was broken by the dog. | El carro fue vendido. | The car was sold. |
Voz pronominal | Pronominal voice
The subject performs the action on itself (considerably less common in English).
| Me lavo. | I’m washing (myself). | |
| Se rompió la pierna. | He broke his leg. | |
| Quiero mirarme en el espejo. | I want to look at myself in the mirror. |
The pronominal voice is sometimes erroneously called the reflexive voice, but reflexive verbs are in fact just one of three types of pronominal verbs.
Voz media | Middle voice
The action of the verb occurs accidentally. (This voice does not exist in English.)
| Se me olvidó el libro. | I forgot the book. | |
| ¿Se te perdióron las llaves? | Did you lose the keys? | |
| Sí, se me cayeron ayer. | Yes, I dropped them yesterday. |
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